3-gallons is really small. You will want to grow dwarfs or compact determinates. I think you will be happy with anything from the dwarf project.
If you can stack concrete blocks or big rocks around the pots, that will add mass and help them not heat up so much during the day. The ideal place for a container is buried in the ground, at least temperature-wise, but that's not very easy to accomplish. You'd need a hole that the rain won't flood.
If you don't have blocks, wood mulch, gravel, or straw piled around the container will also help. Anything is better than a black pot cooking in direct sun.
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