I am at about the same latitude as you near St. Louis. I start my onions the last week of Jan-first week of Feb. The seeds need only a bare covering (1/8th inch) with potting mix, then moisten. Onion seed is much shorter-lived than tomato seed. Plan on keeping onion seed no more than two years if you want good germination. My latitude (38.5 deg. North) is right about at the dividing line between long day and short day. Some catalogs will give latitudes ranges rather than just long day/short day, and that is the best guide to use. This year I am growing Copra (yellow onion, latitude range 38-55 deg.) and Ruby Ring (red, 35-50 deg. range).
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--Ruth
Some say the glass half-full. Others say the glass is half-empty. To an engineer, it’s twice as big as it needs to be.
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