hmmm really interesting. Especially, no weeds where not tilled, but tilling brings up the seed bank from below.
I think my friend's farm is the same, a very deep seed bank of weeds. Unfortunately a lot got added to the bank this year as some of the land was left fallow and weed management was at an all time low everywhere but the greenhouse... Will be interesting to see what she decides to do about that in coming years.
I guess solarize followed by no-till or low-till could be a workable option.
But those seed banks can really persist a long time. I've seen it on my parents' land as well, which was very old farmland. Tilling brings up stuff you didn't even know was there.
Ha ha! I imagine myself next year, teaching the little toddler how to weed!!